The life of the world's Ishak Newton

Author: Amr Khaldony

The life of the world's Ishak Newton 

Sir Isaac Newton is that the English physicist, who invented the law of gravity and has had a key role in the scientific revolution in the 17th century

Summary of Newton's life:

Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in the village and Sthorb, Lincolnshire, England, and discovered Newton are many theories in modern mathematics physics goes back credited to him as one of the great minds in the seventeenth century, with many discoveries in the field of optics, motion, mathematics, A. Newton many of the books that influenced in physics so far, Newton died in London on March 31, 1727.

Early in the life of Newton:

Newton was the only son of a local farmer prosperous, was also named Isaac Newton, who died three months after the birth of Newton before he died Father leaves son was young and weak, and a son, and when he was 3 years old, his mother married Hannah Ayscough Newton, leaving Newton to live with his grandmother, leaving an indelible mark in the small psychological Newton, was to have an acute sense of insecurity.

At the age of 12 years, much reunite Newton and his mother again after the death of her second husband, and gave birth to her second husband had three children, and then joined Newton at the King school in Grantham, a town in Lincolnshire, where he went to work with a local pharmacy, and engaged to the world of magic and chemistry, so has his mother directed from the school, and forced him to work on the farm, but did not have the desire, it was thought
that agriculture nothing dull that fails miserably faileds.

So quickly brought back his mother to the King School to finish his basic education, and was watching him from a distance his uncle, a graduate of the University of Trinity College, Cambridge, which persuaded the mother to make Newton go to university, already Newton arrived at the University of Cambridge, and the scientific revolution and then in full strength, during the first three years to Newton at Cambridge, he was taught the standard curriculum and was fascinated with science's most advanced, and spent all his spare time in the reading of the modern philosophers.

Newton and graduated with honors, and gave him his efforts during the period of study nickname world and took four years of financial support in the future, but unfortunately, in 1665, the great plague that swept Europe came to be arrived in Cambridge, and forced officials at the time shut down the university, and returned Newton to his home to follow up his own study and there began to lay the foundations and theories such as calculus and the foundations of my theory of light and color, as he gained great insight into the laws of planetary motion.

After a decline in the risk of plague in 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge and began working in the years that followed, even improved his fortune, and Newton received a master's degree in literature in 1669 before he was seventh and twenty years old.

Newton's career:

Newton worked as professor, and was exempted from tuition and requested it to submit an annual course of lectures, and chose the time of Newton to provide lectures in optics He was the first theme, and helped them use reflector telescope was designed and built in 1668, this was already the first scientific breakthrough in a large and it helped this invention to prove his theory of light and color.

Newton was in intense competition with other scientists such as Robert Hooke, who was one of the original members of the Royal Academy, and Robert Hooke was also one of the scientists who performed in a number of areas, including mechanics and optics.

In 1678, Newton suffered a nervous breakdown full, has caused the death of his mother to become more isolated, and began to cut any correspondence with other scientists and withdrew from the intellectual exchange, and in spite of Newton stopped public life, however, he returned to his study of gravity and its effect on the orbits of the planets .

Publish a book Principles:

In 1687, after 18 months of intensive work, and he worked them Newton's non-stop, where publication of Newton's "Principia Mathematica Natural Philosophy," was the book most influential in physics, and perhaps in all of science, often known as the "principles" and contains information on almost all of the basic concepts in physics, with the exception of energy.

Work describes quantitatively accurate movement in three key pieces of legislation, where she helped these three laws to explain many, it did not say only that the orbits of the planets are elliptical but almost explain Newton every other movement in the universe and how it is to keep the planets in orbit by the power of the sun attractive, and how the moon revolves around the earth, and Jupiter's moons revolving around it, and how comets revolve in elliptical orbits around the sun.

This allowed Newton's laws are also in the mass of each planet's expense, and the expense of flattening the ground at the poles and bulge at the equator, and how can the attractiveness of the sun and moon create tides on the ground, then in Newton calculating the reason that kept the attractiveness of the universe balanced.

After the publication of the first edition of the book Principles, he accused Robert Hooke immediately rival Newton stole his theories and spoofed, and the charge was not unfounded.

Newton boom:

After the publication of this book the principles of Newton's reputation began to grow and prosper, and the book became a renowned international principles, and this has already led him into a new direction in life, but in spite of all this prosperity, but he did not find the desired in office in Cambridge conviction, so he became more involved in the Other issues, while the Newton in London, known to a wide range of intellectuals such as political philosopher John Locke.

However, within a few years, Newton fell to another nervous breakdown in 1693, the reason was not specified was open to speculation, some of whom said he had been to disappointment not to his appointment as the highest by the kings of England, or because of losing old friends Dwylr or because of chronic mercury poisoning he suffered, but they are all speculation and it is difficult to know what is the real reason, but it is strange that after a period of not by a long recovery, and wrote letters of apology to friends and returned to work within a few months.

In 1696, Newton was able to achieve his dream of a government position he was looking for a long time was responsible for the currency and punish counterfeiters strongly reform, he moved permanently to London to live with his niece Catherine Barton, which was the mistress of Lord Halifax, a government official and high-level, which was instrumental in reputation for Newton in this post, and already elevated Newton, where the British currency made sterling made of silver, made of gold standard pound.

In 1703, Newton, president of the Royal Society elected upon the death of his rival Robert Hooke in 1705, was a turning point in his life where the profession of science This discovery cleared the way for him to own politics and influence, and continued his ambition and his defense fierce for own discoveries, which he introduced in other conflicts with scientists this point others, like the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, which is most suitable to him Newton's theory of calculus, but the Royal Society laid a .priority for Newton after investigation

Newton recent years:

At the end of this life full of conflict, Newton lived in Cranbury Park, near Winchester, England, with his niece, Catherine and her husband, and by that time, Newton had become one of the most men famous in Europe, and the scientific discoveries unchallenged, as he became wealthy, but his income has invested so wisely and give great gifts for charity, and in spite of his fame this, however, Newton was far from perfect throughout his life, he has never married or has a lot of friends.

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In the last years of his life, his life was made up of a mixture of pride and insecurity scientific inquiries strange led to the thought of some of his friends that his mental state is not stable, and by the time the Newton reached 80 years of age, had been suffering from digestive problems, and was forced to radically change in his diet, and in March 1727, Newton saw the severe pain in his abdomen and darkness, and did not regain consciousness again, and died the next day, March 31, 1727, at the age of 84 years.

And took his name in fame and growing more so after his death, many of his contemporaries, they reported he was the greatest genius lived than ever, perhaps exaggerated a lot, but it was his discoveries a significant impact on Western thought, he took the same ranks of Plato and Aristotle and Galileo.