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الاثنين، 21 يناير 2019

William Shakespeare

Procession characters from Shakespeare's plays to an unknown painter of the nineteenth century

Written by you / Amr Khaldouny

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is a poet, playwright and a prominent English actor in English literature in particular and world literature in general. He is known as "the poet of patriotism" and "poet of the epic epic." His works are composed of 38 plays, 158 poems, two poetry stories and poems. Living languages and performed much

more than the works of any other playwright.

Shakespeare was seen as one of the greatest and most prominent writers of English theater and literature in the world. He was called the English National Poet and the "Avon Poet". His works include about 39 plays, 154 short poems, two long narrative poems, in addition to some other verses, and some uncertain compositions. His plays have been translated into most of the world's languages, and his plays have been performed more often than any other playwright.

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway and had three children: Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamant. From 1585 to 1592, he began his successful career in London as an actor, writer, and partner in a theater company called Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. At the age of 49 (around 1613), he retired in Stratford, where he died three years later. There were few records of Shakespeare's private life, leading to speculation about things such as his physical appearance, his sexual life, his religious beliefs, and whether the actions attributed to him were written by others. Such opinions and speculation are often criticized for failing to point out the fact that few records of his life have survived.

Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His first plays focused on comedy and history, and were one of the best works of this kind. Then, until about 1608, he turned to tragic writing. His works included Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all of which were among the best works in English literature at all. In the final stage of his life, he went on to write in the tragic comedy (also known as romances) in collaboration with other playwrights.

Many of his plays have been published in various editions and editions of quality and accuracy in his lifetime. In 1623, two of his fellow actors, John Hemmings and Henry Condel, published a specific text known as First Folio, a collection of Shakespeare's dramatic works collected after his death that included most of the plays we now know about. The volume is accompanied by a poem written by Ben Johnson, where the poet praises the author of the playwright with a famous saying, "Not for this age, but for all ages."

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Shakespeare's work has been constantly modified and rediscovered through new movements in study and performance. His plays are still very popular, studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts around the world.

Its inception

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway and has three children: Susan and twins Hamant and Jodth. William began his successful career as an actor, writer and partner in a representative company, Lord Chamberlain, between 1585 and 1592. He moved to Stratford around 1613 at the age of 49, where he died three years later. There are only a few blogs left on Shakespeare's private life, raising some speculation about his physical appearance, sexual orientation and religious beliefs, and whether the work attributed to him was written by himself or by other people.

Shakespeare performed most of his famous works between 1589 and 1613. His first plays were primarily about comedy and history, and were considered one of the greatest works produced in these genres. He then wrote his tragedies mainly until 1608, the most important of which were Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. In his final years, William wrote comic tragedies, also known as "romances," and collaborated with other playwrights. Most of his plays have been published in various versions of quality and accuracy throughout his life. In 1623, William's friend John Hemmings and Henry Condel published his work and became known as "First Folio," after his death from his dramatic work (except two plays later known as Shakespeare). Began with a poem by Ben Johnson, praising Shakespeare's insight that he was not a writer for one age but for all ages. His work was repeatedly re-evaluated in the 20th and 21st centuries in new ways of teaching and performance. His plays were known, studied and arranged in various cultures and political contexts around the world. The 400th anniversary of his death in 2016, the United States honors Shakespeare and his work around the world.

His life

His childhood

Shakespeare was born in 1564 and his mother Mary Arden, from an old family in Worcester, gave John Shakespeare, the son of her father's land tenant, a great friendship in cash and land, and gave him eight children, the third being William. John became a wealthy wealthy businessman in Stratford on the Avon River, bought two houses, served his country with beer, was responsible for security, was a member of the city council, an assistant to the executor, and benefited the poor generously. After 1575 his resources declined, And failed to pay the charge for him, was issued an arrest warrant in 1580 for unknown reasons, and appeared before the court to provide a guarantee not to disturb the security. In 1592, his name was registered among those who "do not attend the church monthly according to the laws of His Majesty". Some of them concluded that he was a Catholic "Assi", and others that he was in Mauritania, as others concluded that he did not dare to face his creditors. William later recovered his father's money, and when the father died (1601), two houses in Shakespeare's house remained on Henley Street. There are many predictions and novels about his childhood: the popular Stratford legend, that the father raised his son for a time at a free school but his poor condition and the need to help his son in his home forced him to pull his son out of school and in the eulogy that appeared in the front of the first Folio edition of Shakespeare's novels "I learned a little bit from Latin, and less than Greek," said Ben Johnson, addressing his rival who died. "It is clear that the Greek playwrights have remained Greek to Shakespeare (that is, he did not see them), but he learned from Latin enough to fill his novels with Latin Bilingual Tories. Another legend, recorded by Richard Davies in 1681, described Little William as "often unlucky in stealing deer and rabbits, especially Sir Thomas Lucy, who was often whipped and sometimes jailed."

On November 27, 1582, when Shakespeare was 18 years old, he and Anne Hathaway, at the age of 25, obtained permission to marry. Anne's friends are said to have forced Shakespeare to marry her. In May 1583 (six months after their marriage), they gave birth to a girl named Susanna, and Anne later gave the poet twins twins intentionally under the name of Hamant and Judith on February 2, 1585. It is likely that around the end of that year Shakespeare abandoned his wife and children. There is no information about him between 1585 and 1592, when he was represented in London.

London and the play biography

As early as 1592, Shakespeare was a representative and a theater writer in the capital. Dodal (1693) and Roe (1709) report that he was "received in the theater as a servant in a very poor order", which is possible. But his chest was the most ambitious, "eager for the art of this and the ability of that, without thinking of anything but majesty and greatness" and soon he was playing small roles, making himself pleasure and pleasure to look, and then the role of "Adam the compassionate" in the novel " "And the ghost in Helmet and perhaps ascended to a higher rank because his name is published in Johnson's Everyman In His Humor, or in Johnson's Sejanus (1604), as" the two main tragic actors. "In late 1594 he became a contributor to the Chamberlain Ensemble. He earns his fortune from being a playwright, but because he is an actor and contributor to a theater company 591 was writing novels, and it seems that he began "a doctor of the novel" (processed and examined) and the liberation of the manuscripts and revised and how the band, and moved from such work to participate in authorship, and the three parts of "Henry VI" (1592) to appear to be such a joint production , And later wrote two novels a year, totaling thirty-six or thirty-eight novels, and several of his first novels, such as Two Gentlemen Of Venoma, Acomedy Of Errors, 1594, Loves Labors Lost (1594) We are tired now. It is a useful lesson to learn that Shakespeare has ascended the ladder of glory with hard work and hard work. But the climb was fast. Marlow's novel "Edward II" suggested that he sought in English history ideas of many theatrical themes and the story of "Richard II" (1595) Marlowe's novel. The novel "Richard III" (1592) has already been surpassed. It was somewhat wrong to create one person of one character - the monarch king of the perceived ambition of treachery and murder, but from time to time he grew up with the story of Marlowe's depth of analysis and the power of sensation and flashes of the bright phrase. Soon the phrase "Jawad! Then, in 1593, the genius of tradition, and the display of the hateful dance of death, Titus kills his son, and others his son-in-law or his daughter's husband, on stage, and rapes a bride behind the scenes and comes to the stage. She cuts her hands, cuts her tongue, blood drips out of her mouth, and then a traitor cuts Titus' hand with an ax in front of the third-class crowd, whose eyes are almost devouring the scene, exposing the severed son of Titus and killing one of the lactators on the stage. Of the responsibility of this massacre, according to the fatal theory that fatal Shakespeare did not write nonsense, but he already wrote a great deal of it.A Shakespeare at this stage, his story poetry and sonnet poems, and perhaps the plague that caused the closure of all London theaters between 1592-1594, left him in a miserable vacuum miserable, (1593) gave Venus and Odense to Henry Reuttsley, Earl of Southampton III, which Ludwig had quoted from the story of Ovid Metamorphoses, quoted by Shakespeare from the lodge. The first was a young and handsome man immersed in sexual pleasures, hunting and hunting. Many of them are worthless trivial food in these lean years, but in the midst of this The most seductive there are pieces of sensual beauty such as the verses from (679-708) which is less than I have read England before. Shakespeare encourages the poem to be generally appreciated, and in a gift from Southampton, in 1594, the Ravyshement of Lucrece was enticed into a larger economy of poetry. This was his last choice of his own choice. In about 1593 he began to write but he reserved for the printing press the poems of the sonnet, which was the first to prove his high standing among the poets of his time. It is technically the most accurate work of Shakespeare, and much of Peter Petrarch's poems of the Sonnet - the transient beauty, its hesitations and its extreme vicissitudes, and the weighting of the lost and dislocated steps of its time and its murderous demeanor - boast that its puppet will perpetuate the beauty and fame of the beloved forever. There are even phrases, titles and vowels from Connestable and Daniel, and Sutton, and other Sunit poets who were themselves rings in the series of literary thefts. No one was able to arrange the sonnet poems in a stationary narrative system, all of which were an emergency in days apart. And we should not take much of her grandfather's mysterious love - the poet's love for a young man, and his tendency to "brown lady" in the court. And a friend of his, and the nerve of a poet rival to that friend, and the martyr Shakespeare desperate and thought to get rid of life. Shakespeare, who is represented in the courtroom, may have squinted in a distant stroke to the ocean stewards of the Queen, who is suffused with perfumed perfume, wearing clothes that dazzles the eyes, but it is not clear that he ever spoke to them or tried to capture them. Was married at the time when Shakespeare's wife, "the age of marriage," betrayed the love of the poet and his "lover." 10 In 1609, Thomas Thorpe published the poems of the sonnet, and it was clear that this was without the consent of Shakespeare, "The only one who appreciates the following poems, Mr. W., with all that our poet preached. The immortal of happiness and immortality, with best wishes for the adventurer who seeks good, while intending to travel. "The signature is probably AT. Thomas Thorpe. But who is "wah"? Perhaps these were the first two letters of William Herbert Earl Pembroke III, who seduced Marie Petton, whom he and his brother Philip were destined to receive the book published after the death of the author, as the greatest shepherd of the men of science and literature of any noble in his time or since

The period beyond Shakespeare

The story of Romeo and Juliet came to England from the stories of Mazucciu and Bandlou. In 1563, Arthur Brooke rephrased it in his poetry, quoting Brock, and perhaps another earlier account in the same subject. Shakespeare produced the play "Romeo and Juliet" around 1595. Her style is filled with horsemen and fantasies, perhaps hung from his sonnet poems, Anomalous, Romeo's figure was painted weakly along with the frenzied Mercosio. Saturn node is a continuum of stuff. But whoever reminds young people, or deepens a dream, can listen to this romantic romantic music without relinquishing all standards of trust and approval, and rising to breath or breathing to the poet as he makes his way to this world, including the unbridled jealousy and anxiety Trembling, and a sad courtyard. [17] Now Shakespeare is moving from victory to victory in the world of theater, almost every year. On June 7, 1594, Rodrigo Lopez, the physician of the Jewish Queen, was executed for accepting the venom of the Queen. The evidence was inconclusive, and Elizabeth longed to ratify the death sentence, but the public in London took his crime as a Muslim case. The spirit of anti-Semitism in bars was rife. Shakespeare could have been influenced to the point of being hit by this sensitive string, or commissioned, and wrote "The Merchant of Venice" (1596?), And to a certain extent shared his feelings. He allowed Shilock to be a comedian in shabby clothes with a nose And Marlowe, in an effort to highlight the hatred and greed of the moneylender, but he added to Shiluk some of the cherished qualities that must have made the fools sad, and then he gave a presentation of the case for the Jews, so clear and bold that the leading critics still argue If Shylock has portrayed a predator more than a sinner (12)? Here, above all, Shakespeare showed his ingenuity to compose a coherent image of parts of different yarns of stories from the East and Italy, and made Jessica the apostate recipient of such Romantic romantic poetry, as can only be envisioned by a spirit of high sensitivity. [17] ] For five years, Shakespeare has gone mainly to amazement. And perhaps I realize that the human race is one of the most generous prizes of those who can distract him with laughter and imagination. The "Midnight Night Dream" is a powerful nonsense, instead of Mendelson. Helena did not save "Alllls Well That Ends Well". As for the novel "I hear a jerk and I do not see a grind," she agrees with her name. The novel "Twelfth Night" is only possible because Viola represents a very handsome boy. The Tale of the Tigress is incredibly noisy, and it is impossible to tame women with strong tongues. These banners were all just for making money, satisfying the third class, and keeping the herd in the barn and keeping the wolf away from the door. [18] But with the "Henry IV" (1597slash1598) the great magician climbed again to the top, gathering among the clowns and mirrors - the Volstaff and Bastol, Hatsper and Prince Hall - in a success that could have made Sydney hesitate. London used the history of kings as such, decorated with villains and prostitutes. Shakespeare went on to take out "Henry V" (1599), shaking the specter of the audience and entertaining them at the same time, the death-ridden Volstaff chant: "Oh green meadows" and angrily angrily stirring them up and courting the invincible king of Princess Kate Kate in two languages. If we believed in the truth of Rowe's words, the Queen would not have accepted the rest of Volastav and ordered his originator (author of the novel) to greet him and present him in Mashag and Ashram. John Dennis (1802), who tells the same story, says that Elizabeth wanted the miracle to take place within two weeks. If all this is true, the novel "Windy Wives in Windsor" was an amazing work of skill and craftsmanship, for although it is noisy because it is full of coarseness and violence full of ploys, Volstaff is at the height of his activity and vitality, even throwing it into a river in a laundry basket. We were told that the Queen was pleased. [18] It was probably inspired by the Rosalind lodge (1590), and the music of the novel is pure pure - still impeded by the jest and dry humor that is not pleasant, but soft and thin in sense, Cheerful in terms of speech. There is a decent friendship here between Celia and Rosalind. Orlando digs the name of Rosalind in the bark of the tree, hanging the lyrical poems on the wild hawthorn trees, the lamentations on the thorny trees, and any happy balance of eloquence spreading immortal expressions on every newspaper - "The green tree was sculpted; the winter breeze rose." "There was a lover and his daughters." The whole flow or production was a delicious crap and passion that could not be played in any literature. [19] In 1579 Thomas North's book on Plutarch presented a precious repertoire of plays, from which Shakespeare took three of the "Life of Life" and coined it in the play "Julius Caesar" (1599?). And found that the translation of North is so lively that he took several pieces of the word word whole word, and all he did is that the prose to the poetry of the sender, however, Anthony's speech before the body of Caesar was invented by the poet himself, came a masterpiece in the art of art Rhetoric, tenderness and precision, and then the only defense he authorized for Caesar. Perhaps impressed by Duke of Southampton and Earl Pembroke, and young Earl Essex, he saw the murder from the point of view of aristocratic nobility conspirators at risk. Brutus becomes the focus of the novel. But we, who got the details of Momsen about the foul-smelling corruption of the "democracy" overthrew by Caesar, were more sympathetic to Caesar, and we were surprised by the hero's death at the beginning of Chapter 3. [20] In Hamlet's writing, Shakespeare used a previous account in the same subject and challenged it. Hamlet was brought out in London six years earlier

Shakespeare's last years and his death


	Shakespeare 's Tomb

Shakespeare lived his last years with his friends, a lonely and lonely life, as all wise men wish to spend. He had enough wealth to acquire property that he could meet and what he wanted. He was said to have spent some years, before he died, in his hometown «Stratford» and tells «Nicholas Row» about him: «The fun and fun, and his patience have occupied knowledge, and authorized him to ratify the eyes of the neighboring region» ..

Shakespeare died as he lived, without much evidence of the world's attention, and was shared only by his family and close friends. The other playwrights did not pay much attention to his memory. Shakespeare's first interests were not revealed until half a century later, Shakespeare was suffering from a fibrous fever, and his death bell was sounded at Stratford Church on April 23, the day he was born 53 years ago. He was reportedly buried at a depth of 17 / Forward, and this crater looks really deep, and may have dug the fear of typhus infection, perhaps Shakespeare is the one who wrote on the witness:

O my good friend, as a vine to Jesus, do not dig this blessed land here. Blessed are those who keep these stones, and cursed who stireth my bones. The world gave his works and his good friendship, but he did not give him his body or his name. Thousands of admirers visit to this day.

Shakespeare is a theater writer

Procession characters from Shakespeare's plays to an unknown painter of the nineteenth century

The most painful tragedies in his work are not without moments of open humor, and he depicts the life that wafts in the voice of the subconscious to sign the emotions, desires and contradictions, in a language that is sometimes strange and sometimes emotional, and which has earned a high tragedy.

Shakespeare's play can be divided into three main types: tragedy, comedy and historical plays. He also wrote a number of plays that are difficult to include in these familiar categories. Critics used to call romantic theater or tragedy. It is possible, for ease of reference, to divide its output into four stages, although the date of writing plays is uncertain. The first phase extends from its beginnings until 1594, the second from 1594 to 1600, the third from 1600 to 1608, and the last from 1608 to 1612. These divisions are approximated by the theater historians and critics to follow the development of his literary life within a clear framework. The first and second stages are in the stage of the Elizabethan Theater in relation to Queen Elizabeth I, while the third and fourth stages fall within the stage of the Yacoubian theater in relation to the first James of Jacob, King of England, who took the throne in 1603 and died in 1625.

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The first stage

Shakespeare was at this stage a novice writer compared to his contemporaries of writers such as John Lilly J.Lyly, Marlowe and Thomas Kidd T.Kyd. His work at this stage was not characterized by literary and artistic maturity. His text structure was superficial and incomplete, and his poetic and rhetorical structures were poetic. In this period, historical plays began to emerge, due to the great interest in the history of England, especially after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the desire of the public to glorify the leagues and learn from history. Shakespeare wrote at this stage several plays depicting the period between 1200 and 1550 in the history of England, namely the civil war that took place between the families of Lancaster and York, such as the trio of Henry VI (1590-1592), King Richard III »Richard III (1593), in which he portrayed the negative consequences of the rule of a weak king. These four plays cover the period from the reign of Henry VI until Henry VII and the beginning of the reign of the Tudor dynasty, of which Queen Elizabeth belongs, called the war of the Roses. Shakespeare's style is similar to that of the medieval theater, the playwright Seneca and the violent Thomas Kidd theater, and this shows in the blood of some of the scenes in the four plays, and through rhetoric. This feature appeared in the tragedy of Titus Andronicus (1594), in which Shakespeare portrayed revenge and murder with bloody details visible on the tree. His texts were less mature and mature. Shakespeare blends here the history, politics and national feeling of his historical figures with the humor of some dramatists.

Shakespeare also wrote a number of texts at this stage, such as The Comedy of Errors (1592), a comic play that follows the traditional Roman comedy style in terms of ambiguity in the identity of characters and their similarity, the elongation and elongation resulting from it, "The Taming of the Shrew" (1593), in which he focused on characters, their behavior, their emotions and their behavior as a baseline for ridiculous and loaded positions at the same time, and "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" (1594) , And "Love's Labor Lost" (1594), which presented a negative image of love and its accompanying changes and Couriers in the personalities and behavior of lovers and issued them from the actions of childish.

The second phase

Shakespeare wrote his most important historical plays at this stage, such as "King Richard II", Richard II of England (1595), "King John" (1596), "Henry IV" Henry IV (1597) ) In two parts, King Henry V, Henry V (Illustrated) (1598), and his most entertaining and distinctive comedies, such as The Midsummer Night's Dream (1595) and Twelfth Night (1595) and "Romeo and Juliet" Romeo and Juliette (1595), and "Romeo and Juliet" (1595) Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar (1599), and "The Merchant of Venice" Venice wages T. (1596). At this stage, there is a remarkable development in his style, which tends to privacy and distinction.

The play "King Richard II" tells the story of a weak king who loses his throne and his kingdom, stirring Queen Elizabeth's irritation for a sensitive political subject. "I am Richard," she said. Shakespeare follows the chronology of the play "King Henry IV" written in two parts, and "King Henry V", about his son, who proves his ability to govern and take responsibility. The play "Henry IV" was known by the character of the fat knight Falstaff, who inspired the dog, and became a source of funny characters, but with deep human dimensions. Shakespeare mixes sadness, joy, fear, cowardice and enthusiasm.

The Dream of the Midnight Night is one of Shakespeare's most remarkable works. It is based on a complex drama of three different plots and three different worlds of jinn and humans, depicting a couple of lovers from noble families in Athens and a group of comic characters from the countryside Who are attending a theatrical show to celebrate the marriage of the Duke and Hepolita, as well as the world of the Jinn, led by Oberon, the Queen of the Gin of Titania and their energetic servant Puck. Shakespeare shows in this play the emotions that govern everyone until the jinn, such as love, jealousy and sometimes hatred, in a funny romantic form filled with meanings and phrases. He then began writing "The Venetian Merchant", a black comedy, in which the story of the noble lady Portia and her marriage to Bassanio and his friend Antonio, who owes money to the Jewish shylock, who longs for revenge against this religion, That his only daughter fled with the money he had collected throughout his life with a Christian youth. In this play, the concepts of friendship between two men are intertwined with the concept of romantic love between Porsia and Sanyo, in the face of the inhumanity of Jewish raptures and their suffering in a society that does not accept it. The most striking feature of this play is the character of Porsia, who has become a Shakespearean women's personalities that formed a revolution in theatrical literature, and was filled with other female characters invented in his other plays. Shakespeare has portrayed women figures based on her intelligence and beauty rather than on her beauty. In this way, he was able to transform one of the obstacles in the Elizabethan theater of his time into an advantage. The role of women was represented by a young woman. The masquerading of boys in women's roles was a key factor in this play. "Twelfth Night" and "On Your Heart", where two main female characters, Viola and Rosalind, appear in the form of young men to get closer to those who love freely, creating tension and funny and humane attitudes at the same time.

Shakespeare wrote Windsor's Wives of Windsor at the end of this stage, in which the character of Volstaff reappears. In Romeo and Juliet, the love of the young man was depicted with high poeticism and the sad fate of two lovers, who fell victim to an old dispute between their families and cause as a result of their emotional impulse. Julius Caesar is one of the most famous books, a political tragedy of Roman history, from which we read a number of other texts, portraying the character of Brutus, one of the most tragic personalities in the theater.

third level

This stage was marked by the best Shakespeare wrote, and so some critics called it the stage of literary maturity, writing its greatest tragic texts and those approaching black comedy. The tragedies of this stage show the depth of Shakespeare's vision and the craftsmanship of drama. In these plays he used his poetic instruments to suit the text and theatrical presentation, reaching perfection in the integration of human emotions and human thought with poetry and influential attitudes.

Shakespeare wrote at this stage the tragedy of "Hamlet" (1601), which is one of the most famous plays globally, and portrayed the humanitarian situation of greatness, strength and weakness at the same time. Hamlet tells the story of the Danish prince who is the victim of his uncle's crime, his mother's weakness, and the fact that his father was killed by his uncle. Hamlet lives in confusion and loss in his struggle between his reluctance to take a decision to retaliate against him and his impulse, which destroys everyone around him. A bitter and bitter conflict continues to preoccupy many critics, thinkers, psychologists and writers, and generates a heated debate with interpretations, studies and interpretations that Manifest adds to the great legacy of literary criticism of this text and the work of Shakespeare in general. Hamlet is the most important work of Shakespeare in terms of language use, reflecting the language of internal soliloquy, analysis and addressing the public in a side-by-side discussion. Hamlet was famous for his advice to actors attending a theater performance in front of his uncle the king to trap him when he saw a crime similar to his crime. The advice provides a well-documented picture of the methods of representation in the days of Shakespeare, which relied on exaggeration and did not give the language the attention it deserved.

In the tragedy of Othello (1604), Shakespeare presented a profound analysis of the rhythm of the great black-skinned leader of jealousy over his faithful white wife, Desdemona, through the illusory and deliberate scheme drawn up by Iago Iago, who exploits the weaknesses of his strange master of society Where he lives, in spite of his prestige, and because he belongs to an oriental culture that differs in its treatment of the subject of love, jealousy and honor for its Western counterpart. He also discusses the concept of evil for evil, which Shakespeare portrayed in the figure of Iago who finds pleasure in this evil reveals his plans to the public through the technique of side-by-side that puts the viewer in the position of his accomplice and who wants to condemn him at the same time.

Some critics argue that King Lear (1605) is Shakespeare's most important play, as it is characterized by epic proportions of a family conflict between parents and children and deeply analyzed by the disastrous consequences of the irresponsible and irresponsible behavior of the king when he relinquishes power and money to his two daughters and deprives his youngest daughter Cordelia, thinking that she does not carry the love of the amount borne by her sisters, who exaggerate falsely express their love for their father, while the smaller, and most of them loved her father, the expression in words. Cordelia died and her father was unable to save her before he died, and the failure of good appeared before the folly of some, their intransigence and their disregard for the truth. In Antony and Cleopatra (1606), Shakespeare deals with politically and morally forbidden love between the Roman leader and Queen Ptolemy Cleopatra, who caused his destruction and reputation in Rome, a mature love between middle-aged lovers that no one has ever dealt with in the same way Depth, depth and poetic like Shakespeare. In Macbeth (1606), Shakespeare presents an analysis of a man who succumbed to his unbridled ambition for weakness in his personality, loses his humanity and becomes capable of any crime. Lady Macbeth's character emerges from among the female characters in world literature, portraying an aspiring woman who has no way of becoming a model for many rebellious female characters.

Shakespeare wrote other texts in the spirit of black comedy that stem from the hero's lack of greatness and the power he needs to control his emotions. In "Trilus and Cressida" (1602), one of his finest plays, Shakespeare depicts the gap between idealism and realism, The individual responsible for public affairs, showing a negative attitude towards women. This mystical spirit, which gives a new human dimension, dominates his other plays at this stage, such as the tragedy of Coriolanus (1608) and Timon of Athens (All's Well That Ends Well) 1602).

The fourth stage

Shakespeare at this stage wrote his most important romantic texts, and at the end of his life seemed to offer new and optimistic visions by using various tools and concepts, such as art, passion, the world of jinn, magic and imagination, and his poetry more than ever before. . Some critics have argued that the recent plays summarize Shakespeare's mature vision of life, while others felt that this difference in style and thought is only a change in the tastes and trends witnessed by the theater after 1608. Most of his plays at this stage speak of the pain of separation between lovers and then the encounter A reunion in a journey of suffering, the characters learn from their mistakes and change their attitudes to the better without conflict, as in the play "Pericles" (1608) and "Cymbeline" (1610), "Winter's Tale" (1610). The Tempest (1611) is probably Shakespeare's best writing at this stage. He introduced his concept of life, which combines the power and wisdom of Prospero, his daughter Miranda and his server Ariel, and included some of his best poetry.

At this stage there are two plays that belong to Shakespeare. He may have co-written with the writers Beaumont and Fletcher, Henry VIII (1613) and The Two Noble Kinsmen, the latter talking about the love of a woman's two friends one.

Shakespeare quoted texts written in all four stages of the yearbooks and history and was available from the writings of prose and stories in his time, and was influenced by the style and thought of the Gospel. The history of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1587) of Raphael Holinshed was the main source of English history. The translation of Thomas North (1579) of the book Plutarch "The Process of the Prophets of Greece and the Romans" Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is the source of his Roman plays. As for other plays outside these two areas, he relied on old plays that he rewrote, and on other works. Shakespeare acted in his sources freely to suit the purpose for which he was written, but he quoted entire passages of Hollinsch and Plutarchs as received, with minimal change, and added to his most beautiful poetry, giving new dimensions to the history stories.

The Importance of Shakespeare

The fame gained by any other author can not be compared to Shakespeare's worldwide fame at all levels. He has entered all cultures, literary, artistic and play societies in all countries of the world. In his theater and poetry he relied on emotions and human feelings, thereby enhancing his universality and continuity. The heroes of his tragic plays are characterized by nobility, greatness and human emotions, and affect the audience and readers wherever they are, and the comic characters still laugh at the audience for their portrayal of intelligence, accuracy and humor. His female characters, such as Cleopatra, Juliet, Lady Macbeth, Rosalind, Porcia, Beatrice and Miranda, leave the greatest impact to readers, theater and film audiences wherever they may be. Shakespeare's ingenuity is the storytelling that he uses in his plays, the rich inventory of characters that combine good and evil, passion and reason, poetic language, skill in manipulating words and words, and new vocabulary. The importance of Shakespeare in being the outstanding son of the thought and art of the European Renaissance is remarkable. This thought, which dealt with the essence of the human person and his position in the universe and his role in life, at all levels, was reflected in his plays, especially in the third and fourth stages. The characters of these plays, in their diversity and contrast, Constraint hinders its openness and ambition. Shakespeare's intellectual and artistic maturity is reflected in the formulation of the individual's struggle between his or her own interests, instincts and aspirations and the surrounding historical and deterministic conditions of reality. There are no characters in Shakespeare's plays suspended in the air, but they are always the daughter of the reality of social, economic and political manifestations. On the technical level, Shakespeare himself was the son of his reality and his data. His artistic genius was manifested in the assimilation of the traditional, contemporary and popular art forms and their rephrasing in response to the requirements of the times and the conditions of theatrical practice in the theater theaters. This is the result of the classic laws (the three units) and its emphasis on the double plot, even the trilogy sometimes, as in the "dream of the middle of the summer night", and its blending between realistic and fictional and conflicting emotions and whims, and the use of poetry and prose in theatrical work and one different linguistic levels, Personal and social position, in addition to emphasizing the multiplicity of places of events and the opening of time without any limitations restricting his freedom. Those who delve deep into his work are clearly groping for the fact that Shakespeare is the son of the harbingers of industrial revolution, economic prosperity and openness to the wider world in response to the aspiration of the new individual, the late Renaissance son.

Controversy

A detailed article: questioning the originality of Shakespeare

The argument that there may be someone other than William Shakespeare from the city of Stratford on the River Yvonne in England is the author of the works attributed to him. Supporters of this theory argue that Shakespeare was merely a facade to hide the original writer or writers who for one reason or another did not accept either the satisfaction or not of public pride. Although this idea attracted public opinion, it was considered by all the scholars of Shakespeare and the historians of literature, except a few, a mere misconception and ignored by the majority and sometimes used to reduce the amount of these claims

The originality of Shakespeare was first questioned in the mid-19th century, when the phenomenon of flattering Shakespeare became the greatest writer in history. Shakespeare's autobiography, especially his humble origins and submerged life, contrasted with his poetic reputation and his reputation as a painter, which cast doubt on him as the author of the works attributed to him. The controversy generated a great deal of alarm, and more than 80 candidates were presented as business owners, including Francis Bacon, the sixth Earl of Derby, Christopher Marlow, and the 17th Earl of Oxford.

The supporters of the other candidates argue separately that their candidate is the author of the most credible and that Shakespeare lacked the education and the aristocratic sense or the familiarity of the royal court, which, as they said in many works. In response to these claims, Shakespeare's authors asserted that the interpretation of literature in terms of biography is unreliable to confirm the originality of business, and that the convergence of documentary evidence used to prove Shakespeare's authenticity is the same as that used to establish the authenticity of any other work under his rule. There is no conclusive evidence like this for any of the other candidates, and the authenticity of Shakespeare was not questioned in his reign or for centuries after his departure.

Despite the consensus of the scholars, few but very important supporters, including prominent public figures, questioned the traditional attribution. They sought to acknowledge the authenticity of Shakespeare as a legitimate branch of cultural inquiry and to accept one or more of the other candidates for business originality.

His words and deeds

From his words

To be or not to be that is the question.
Our hours in love have wings, and in her parting tentacles.
You kill our vigilance ... who dies 20 years ago for him, but shortens his fear of death in the same number of years ..
Any center that is distinguished as a king's property is not a sin in itself, but becomes a sin when the person who assigns it and occupies it with abuse of power indifferently to the rights and feelings of others.
Good men should not be accompanied by others like them ...
There are important times in a large neighborhood, and all men and women are only players on this stage ..
Do not ask the girl from the world only a husband .. If you came to ask him everything ..
If you like it, you can not see it. Why? Because love is blind.
We work a lot right, but love the most..
But love is blind and lovers can not see the blatant folly they commit themselves.
The great woman inspires the great man, but the smart woman raises his interest .. While we find that the beautiful woman does not move in the man more than just a sense of admiration, but the woman is compassionate. The only woman who wins the great man in the end ..
Mercy substance of the law, and the law is used only to cruelly tyrants..
Cowards die many times before their time comes, and the brave die once.
The silent grief whispering in his heart broken so..
We teach others lessons in bloodshed. If they keep the lesson, they will try us.
One has to wait for the evening to know how great his day was.
The jealousy monster with green eyes..
Wolf was not to be a wolf if sheep were not sheep.
Not enough to help the weak and should be supported..
The harshness of the days makes us afraid, but we do not know exactly what frightens us. The things that frighten us are just illusions.
The pen of the writer is as sacred as the martyr's blood! ..
It is not the courage to retaliate, but that bear the patient..
Through thorns of danger, we get flowers of peace ..
Do not wither lover for free ..
When the plagues come, they do not come as spies alone.
Do not see everything you see in your eyes and do not hear everything you hear ..
Do not worry about the frustrated, keep yourself from the enemies of success.

His works

Great

The Merchant of Venice

Wendsor Wives Wives

Grinding without grinding

The farce of mistakes

Tame tigress

Storm (play)

Twelfth night

The Pharonian

The torment of lost love

Tale of Winter (play)

A summer night dream

as you like

The lesson is over

History

The life and death of King John

Richard II

Henry IV, Part

Henry IV, part 2

Henry V

Henry VI, Part

Richard III

Henry VIII

Tragedy

Romeo and Juliet

The Tragedy of Creulins

Titus Andronicus

Timothy Athenian

Julius Caesar

Macbeth

Hamlet

Truelos and Chrysida

King Lear

Othello

Antonio and Cleopatra

Simplin

Poems

The Shakespeare Sonnet

Venus and Adonis

The rape of Lucres

The infamous pilgrim [e]

The Phoenix and the Tortoise

A lover's complaint

Missing plays

Love is a winning effort

Cardinho

apocrypha

Arden Favarsham

The Birth of Merlin

Lucerne

London sodden

Pride

The second virgin tragedy

Sir John Oldcastle

Lord Thomas Cromwell

Tragedy in Yorkshire

Edward III

Sir Thomas Moore..

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الاثنين، 21 يناير 2019

Mohamed Salah

William Shakespeare

Written by you / Amr Khaldouny

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	The Sphinx (Aramaic) which was revealed at the site of the temple was identified		(The site of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus today)